A Japanese cohort study, following participants for more than 13 years, has concluded that coffee consumption can lower the risk of oral, pharynegeal and esophageal cancers, even in those people who are at high risk. The risk can be ameliorated by as little as one or two cups of coffee per day, even among those who smoke and/or drink. The reason appears to be that coffee has a “protective effect” on these cancers, and more importantly, the effect “remained strong” even when cancers caused by cigarettes or heavy drinking occurred among the study participants, the scientists wrote.

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